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Intelligence profile : The Netherlands | Logs
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(Date: January 2008)
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Intelligence profile : The Netherlands | Logs
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The Dutch United Provinces declared their independence from Spain in 1579. During the 17th century, they became a leading seafaring and commercial power, with settlements and colonies around the world. After a 20-year French occupation, a Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed in 1815. In 1830 Belgium seceded and formed a separate kingdom. The Netherlands remained neutral in World War I, but suffered invasion and occupation by Germany in World War II. A modern, industrialized nation, the Netherlands is also a large exporter of agricultural products. The country was a founding member of NATO and the EEC (now the EU), and participated in the introduction of the euro in 1999.
| Official name | : | Koninkrijk der Nederlanden (Nederland) Kingdom of the Netherlands (Netherlands) |
| Popular name | : | Holland |
| Capital | : | Amsterdam |
| Administrative divisions | : | |
| 12 provinces (provincies) | : | Drenthe, Flevoland, Friesland (Fryslan), Gelderland, Groningen, Limburg, Noord-Brabant, Noord-Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland, Zuid-Holland |
| 2 dependent areas | : | Aruba, Netherlands Antilles. |
Royal Netherlands Army, Royal Netherlands Navy (includes Naval Air Service and Marine Corps), Royal Netherlands Air Force, Royal Military Police, Defense Interservice Command (DICO)
| Politieke Inlichtingendienst 1 + 2 (PID) | 1914-1942 |
| Dienst der Oost-Aziatsche Zaken (DOAZ) | 1935-1946 |
| Politieke Inlichtingendienst Nederlands West-Indië (PID WI) | 1939-1943 |
| Centrale Inlichtingendienst (CI) | 1940-1942 |
| Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsgroep (IVG) | 1945-1962 |
| Fiscale inlichtingen- en opsporingsdienst (FIOD) | 1945-1999 |
| Centrale Veiligheidsdienst (CVD) | 1946-1949 |
| Economische controledienst (ECD) | 1946-1999 |
| Commissie van Coördinatie der Diensten | 1949-1956 |
| Buitenlandse Inlichtingendienst (BID) | 1949-1972 |
| Binnenlandse Veiligheidsdienst (BVD) | 1949-2002 |
| Vaste Commissie voor de Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdiensten | 1952- |
| Centrale Veiligheidsdienst Nederlands Nieuw Guinea (CVD NNG) | 1960-1962 |
| Veiligheidsdienst Nederlandse Antillen (VNA) | 1963- |
| Inlichtingendienst Buitenland (IDB) | 1972-1994 |
| Informatiecentrale Bijzondere Zaken (ICBZ) | 1973-1981 |
| Ministriële Commissie voor de Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdiensten (MICIV) | 1976-2002 |
| Fiscale inlichtingen- en opsporingsdienst / Economische controledienst (FIOD-ECD) | 1999- |
| Algemene Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdienst (AIVD) | 2002- |
| Commissie van Toezicht betreffende de Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdiensten (CTIVD) | 2002- |
| Marine- en Leger Inlichtingendienst (MLID) / NEFIS | 1941-1948 | |
| GS III | 1912-1940 | |
| GS 7A Inlichtingen | 1913-1942 | |
| Kamer 14 | 1913-1942 | |
| GS IV | 1914-1919 | |
| Bureau 1 Inlichtingendienst | 1934-1942 | |
| Politie Buitendienst (PBD) MG Sectie 3 | 1940-1946 | |
| Bureau Documentatie (B-Doc) | 1941-1945 | |
| Bureau Zuivering | 1941-1945 | |
| NEI-Section | 1942-1943 | |
| Bureau Inlichtingen (BI) | 1942-1946 | |
| Bureau Inlichtingen voor Nederlandsch-Indië (BI voor NI) | 1943-1945 | |
| Committee of Strategic Services | 1943-1945 | |
| Bureau Bijzondere Opdrachten (BBO) | 1944-1946 | |
| Bureau Inlichtingendienst (BID) | 1944-1946 | *) |
| Staf BNS, Afdeling BS, Sectie 2, Bureau 6 (Security) | 1944-1946 | |
| Intelligence Department NRCCS | 1944-1949 | |
| Bureau Nationale Veiligheid (BNV) | 1945-1946 | |
| Marine Inlichtingendienst (MLID) | 1946-1988 | |
| School Militaire Inlichtingendienst (SMID) | 1946-2005 | |
| Centrale Militaire Inlichtingendienst (CMI) | 1948-1949 | |
| Militaire Inlichtingendienst (MARID) | 1949-1988 | |
| Marine Inlichtingendienst (MID) | 1949-1988 | |
| Luchtmacht Inlichtingendienst (LUID) | 1951-1988 | |
| Landmacht Inlichtingendienst (LAMID) | 1972-1988 | |
| Contra Inlichtingen Dienst (CID) | 1972-1988 | |
| Militaire Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdienst (MIVD) | 1988- | |
| Defensie Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsinstituut (DIVI) | 2005- |
| Codedienst | 1920- |
| Codedienst Washington | 1942-1945 |
| Codedienst der Nederlandsch-Indische Regering | 1946-1949 |
| Crypto Analystischen- en Luisterdienst | 1946-1948 |
| Nationaal Bureau Voor Verbindingsbeveiliging (NBV) | 1960- |
| Marine Codedienst / Sectie Codedienst | ? |
| Centraal Cryptografisch Bureau (CCB) | 1943- |
| Nationale Verbindingsbeveiligingsraad (NVBR) | 1960- |
*) Also known as: Afdeling C, Sectie A Inlichtingen Nederland, Afdeling Inlichtingen BNS, Sectie II, Sectie Intelligence, Intelligence Section, Military Intelligence (G2), Afdeling Inlichtingen (G2), Staf BNS, Sectie G2, Bureau Veiligheid
It was just after the 1st world war and the world was changing. The German emperor was dismissed, Lenin gained control over Russia and the Dutch government was afraid that something similar was about to happen in The Netherlands. This resulted in the formation of the CI in 1919. The agency reported directly to the minister of Internal Affairs.
The German invasion in May 1940 was the end of the CI. The agency burned its archives and its officials moved to London where the extraordinary branch of the police was formed in 1940. The main task of this office was to check the reliability of the people who joined the Dutch resistance in the UK.
After WWII the PBD merged into the BNV. This agency was formed to destroy the last German intelligence and security services in The Netherlands.
Formed in 1946 as successor to the BNV, the company's main responsibility was to inform the Dutch government about the domestic and international communist affairs. Comunismn was the new enemy.
Disagreement about the function of the CVD lead to its fall in 1949. The newly formed BVD reported to the minister of Internal Affairs, just like the CI back in 1919. Until the mid 1960's the BVD's main task was to monitor cummunist activities. Later on other threats like terrorism were added.
The AIVD is believed to be one of the most effective secret services of Europe. Formed in 2002 as successor to the BVD. Unlike the BVD, the AIVD focuses mostly on domestic threats to the national security, but also on international affairs that may possible threat the national security. The AIVD has seven directorates.
Its main tasks include monitoring specific groups, such as leftist activists, Islamic groups and right-wing extremists, collecting and processing intelligence foreign and domestic intelligence services. 1)
The MIVD is the Dutch military secret service formerly known as the Militaire Inlichtingendienst (MID).
The forerunner of all intelligence services in the Netherlands was the GS III, which was created shortly before World War I. It was the first of a long list of military intelligence services that existed before 1987. In 1987 the various intelligence services of the navy, air force and army merged into the MID. After yet another reorganization took place and more services were added and the name changed to MIVD.
MIVD's tasks include collecting information about military forces in other countries; collecting information about areas where Dutch troops would be stationed for peace keeping missions; investigating internal affairs; counter- espionage. The Dutch minister of defence is politically responsible for the MIVD.
Oversight is provided by the Review Committee on the Intelligence and Security Services. 2)
By the Act on the Intelligence and Security Services of 7 February 2002 the Review Committee on the Intelligence and Security Services was introduced as a new review body. The reason for this act were judgments by the Administrative Law Division of the Council of State, in which (part of) the old act on the intelligence and security services was found to be inconsistent with the articles 8 and 13 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR). The formation of the Review Committee is also based on these articles.
Intelligence and security services have the right to infringe on human rights in order to fullfill their duties. For such an infringement to be considered legitimate, it has to meet strict requirements. These requirements are found in the ECHR and ECHR case law based on it. This concerns among other things the possibilities those involved have to complain about the conduct of the services and the supervision of the services. The ECHR has ruled in this context that the review body does not necessarily have to be a judiciary body.
The Review Committee’s task is to assess the legitimacy of the actions of the Dutch intelligence and security services. This supervision sees to the civil intelligence and security service (the AIVD) and the military intelligence and security service (MIVD), as well as (parts of) a number of organizations in so far as these are active in the area of intelligence. 3)
If the Tax and Customs Administration suspects fraud, the matter is referred to the FIOD-ECD who may decide to start a criminal investigation. The final outcome of the investigation is set out in an official report which often results in a prosecution of the suspect. The agency also performs supervisory activities in the area of economic planning, financial integrity and goods movements. This involves matters such as bankruptcy fraud, anti-laundering legislation and the Health Care Charges Act. 4)
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